台灣消費者對基改食品之環境與健康特性願付價格分析

Taiwanese Willingness to Pay for Genetically Modified Foods with Attributes on Environment and Health

本研究以我國兩項重要食品稻米與大豆製品豆漿進行分析，其基因轉殖所改良之性狀包括：增加營養成分、減少殺蟲劑與除草劑施用量等；其中減少農藥施用量歸類於具有環境保護的特性；增加營養成分則歸類為具有健康特性。本研究利用選擇模型分析我國消費者對基改食品之偏好，結果顯示，基因轉殖之原料會降低效用，因此對其衍生製成食品會有所疑慮與排斥；但利用基因轉殖技術改善作物之健康或環境保護性狀，以及同樣對環境保護與健康有利、回歸自然之有機種植方式，均可增加潛在的消費需求市場。其中以改善基改產品之健康性狀是所有屬性最高，並足以抵銷基因轉殖原料的負面效用，可以此為未來基因轉殖技術的主攻項目，且因具有改良健康性狀之屬性可刺激消費者之購買意願，因此基改健康食品極具潛在的消費需求市場。強化環境保護的多價轉基改作物可增加消費需求，此項結果可引伸未來推動農業生物科技政策之研發方向。同樣具有改良環境與健康性狀者，以單價較低的產品對消費者之願付價格變動率影響較大，可見透過基因轉殖技術來提升低單價產品之附加價值是可行的農業轉型生產策略。

Many foods consumed today contain ingredients derived from genemodification technology. Potential risks of harmful effects on environmentand health had considerable discussion around the world, especially inEurope. We use Choice Modeling to elicit Taiwanese preference forattributes on environment and health of rice and soybean products. Theattributes these foods include GM technology, prices, nutrition, croppingmanagement, lower application of herbicide and pesticide. Among these,lowering application of herbicide and pesticide and adding nutrition areidentified as characteristics on environment and health, respectively, ofGM foods. Results indicate GM attributes of adding vitamin A andlowering agri-chemicals significantly affect Taiwanese preference.Estimate of WTP on health attribute dominates the overall benefits,justifying the strong market potentials of GM health products. Estimate oninteraction effect between herbicide and pesticide implies the researchand development prospective on gene stacking of GM food. Finally,application of GM technology on low-price products has more value -added potential than on others.