非典型川崎症之文獻回顧及臨床照護

Atypical Kawasaki Disease: Literature Review and Clinical Nursing

川崎症是一個病因未知的全身性血管炎疾病，且主要侵犯五歲以下的兒童，也是造成兒童後天性心臟病的主因。川崎症的致病因、基因和免疫致病機轉到目前都尚未釐清。尤其是非典型川崎症的診斷與護理照護對於臨床醫護人員更是一大挑戰；本篇報告是非典型川崎症之文獻回顧及臨床照護簡介，內容包含川崎症之致病原因、臨床表徵與非典型川崎症的臨床表現、鑑別診斷、治療及疾病與居家護理。希望能對川崎症及非典型川崎症患童的診斷與醫療照護過程有所幫助。

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile multi-systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that primarily affects children under 5 years of age. KD has been singled out as a main cause of acquired childhood heart disease. Its etiology, genetic background, and immunopathogenesis remain unclear. Diagnosing and providing nursing care to KD patients, especially those suffering from atypical KD, present a challenge for clinicians and nurses. This report is a literature review covering pathogenesis, clinical presentation, atypical symptoms, differential diagnosis, treatment and nursing of KD and atypical KD. This review provides updated information for clinicians and nurses with care responsibilities for patients with KD and atypical KD.