社會秩序維護法增訂酒駕拘留條款適法性初探

General Study of Legitimacy of the Amendment of Drunk Driving Detention to Social Order Maintenance Act

法務部建議內政部參考中國大陸對酒駕者可處拘留15 日之作法，於社會秩序維護法增訂酒駕條款，以處罰行政違規酒駕，冀圖以行政拘留之處罰手段，有效、即時有效遏止酒駕危害社會之亂象。由於道路交通管理處罰條例第35 條，目前僅有罰鍰、扣車、吊銷（扣）駕照等處罰方式，並無行政拘留之處罰規定。我國除社會秩序維護法之處罰種類保留有拘留外，行政罰法及其他法律之處罰種類，尚無拘留制裁手段，拘留實質上即為剝奪或限制人身自由之處罰規定。社維法上之拘留，乃沿襲違警罰法，以剝奪人身自由作為行政罰，已違反憲法上之比例原則，並且由法院介入行政罰程序，則紊亂了制裁與後續之救濟體系，而有違反憲法上權力分立原則之虞。社維法於民國80 年6 月29日制定施行後，即已刪除原妨害交通之違警等規定，現行分則已無妨害交通秩序之規定，如逕於社維法增訂，將使得制裁行政違規酒駕之法律體系益加紛亂，立法體例上更顯突兀或衝突，嚴重違背法治國家之法安定性原則。

It is suggested by the Ministry of Justice to the Ministry of the Interior that an amendment of drunk driving may be made to Social Order Maintenance Act in reference to the regulation in Mainland China, by which detention up to 15 days long may be imposed on one drinks and drives. The amendment is to set punishment for drunk driving which offenses administrative regulations, and it aims to effectively and immediately reduce the harm drunk driving has made to the society by imposing an administrative detention on offenders.