《順治刊荔枝記》肯定祈使句家族初探

Families of Positive Imperative Constructions in the Shunzhi Edition of the Lizhi ji

本文嘗試以「構式語法」(Fillmore et al 1988; Goldberg 1995)的觀點來探討清代閩南戲文《順治刊荔枝記》中表示命令、請求、勸告、建議、允許及勸誘等肯定祈使句家族的特點。透過初步的觀察發現《順治刊荔枝記》肯定祈使句有相當豐富的「構式標誌」，如「共」ka7、「快快」khoai3 khoai3、「來去」lai5-khi3等。其次，本文討論《順治刊荔枝記》肯定祈使句家族句法－－語意的共性與殊性，並從「說話者的影響力來源」、「禮貌策略」(Brown and Levinson 1987)等語用因素來給祈使句做更明確的劃分與釐清。也就是說，句法、語意和語用等因素都對肯定祈使句的建構做出了貢獻。

Imperative sentences are used to express commands, requests, advice, suggestions, permission, invitations, etc. This paper attempts a constructionbased account of families of positive imperative constructions in the Shunzhi edition of the Lizhi ji 順治刊荔枝記, the seventeenth century script of a play, written in Southern Min dialects. In the bulk of the paper the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of various positive imperative constructions are elaborated on and considerable attention is devoted to fleshing out the similarities and differences among them and the interaction between imperative constructions and phase (Aktionsart).