依附理論與嬰兒揹巾之技術網絡形塑

Attachment Theory and Baby Slings / Carriers: Technological Network Formation

依附理論是醫護領域常運用於解釋母子關係對幼兒未來心理狀態與社交型態的影響，成為善盡母職的理論基礎，並運用嬰兒揹巾輔助母嬰身體接觸，以建立母嬰依附情感和嬰兒心理的安全感。然而，從嬰兒揹巾的發展史可發現嬰兒揹巾並未必然與依附理論連結，而是與所處的社會、文化脈絡相互形塑，創造與轉化母職的性別文化意涵，嬰兒揹巾科技之發展也複製了母親育兒負擔之性別角色，故本文旨在以社會文化的觀點，試圖解構嬰兒揹巾與依附理論連結的相互形塑過程，進一步闡述母親使用嬰兒揹巾意義和影響之三個轉變：依附理論延用嬰兒揹巾創造小孩養育的功能、哺乳醫療化作為依附理論和嬰兒揹巾的護理實作、嬰兒揹巾與婦女自我認同之轉化，並對護理政策提出建議。

Healthcare providers recognize the important role played by attachment theory in explaining the close relationship between mental health and social behavior in mothers and their children. This paper uses attachment theory in a socio-cultural context to ascertain the mechanism by which baby slings / carriers, a new technology, produced and reproduced the scientific motherhood. It further applies a social history of technology perspective to understand how baby carriers and attachment theory are socially constructed and historically contingent on three major transformations. These transformations include the use of attachment theory-based baby carriers to further scientific motherhood; the use of baby slings / carriers to further the medicalization of breastfeeding and enhance mother-infant attachment; and the use of baby slings / carriers to transform woman’s identities by integrating scientific motherhood, independence and fashion. Implications for nursing clinical policy are suggested.