一時之學術與一地之風教──李兆洛與暨陽書院

The Intellectual Tendency of the Period and the Cultural Atmosphere of the Region: Li Zhaoluo and the Jiyang Academy

李兆洛自清道光三年（1823）至道光二十年（1840）主講江陰暨陽書院，他對學術和文學的見解，融貫於傳道授業過程之中。《暨陽答問》是李兆洛在書院的講學紀錄，共有143 條「答問」，內容頗豐富，有許多見解不見於《養一齋文集》。「答問」對文章、漢學與宋學、常州學術、禮與「禮即理」、荀子管子賈誼、時勢與人才等重要問題，多有通達之論。李兆洛之講學有傳播常州學術之功，其中亦能見嘉道時期學術思想變遷之軌跡。李兆洛以書院為中心，在地方官員及眾弟子的協助之下，將暨陽書院營造為江陰一地談藝論學之中心，「輩學齋談藝」和「講院荷觴」正是在此氛圍中展開，在此之外，李兆洛還主持或參與地方文化建設工作。

From 1823 to 1840, Li Zhaoluo 李兆洛 was a dean of the Jiyang Academy 暨陽書院 in Jiangyin 江陰 County in Jiangsu 江蘇 Province. His teaching is permeated with his understanding of learning and literature. Jiyang dawen 暨陽答問, Li Zhaoluo's teaching records in the academy, including his 143“Questions and Answers,”had abundant and substantial content that can complement Li's own Yangyizhai wenji 養一齋文集. Some important issues, such as literary ideas, Han Learning and Song Learning, the Changzhou 常州 learning school, Rites and“Rite is reason,”Xunzi 荀子, Guanzi 管子 and Jia Yi 賈誼, as well as the current situation and talents, were discussed in the“Questions and Answers,”in which many sensible views were originated. Li Zhaoluo's teaching gave an impetus to the dissemination of the Changzhou school of learning, and it also showed the tendency of the change of learning and thought in the Jiaqing 嘉慶 and Daoguang 道光 eras. With the support of local officials and his disciples, Li Zhaoluo made the Jiyang Academy a center for literature and learning in Jiangyin County. Bixuezhai tanyi輩學齋談藝 and Jiangyuan heshang講院荷觴 were also nurtured in that time. Besides these activities, Li Zhaoluo took charge of or participated in the construction of local culture.