受刑人假釋制度救濟疑義之批判性思考──以釋字第681號及第691號為核心

A Critical Reflection on the Parole System's Relief--Centered on the Interpretation No. 681 and 691

司法院大法官前以釋字第653號、第654號、第681號保障受刑人憲法第16條之訴訟權，渠等救濟權利始逐漸獲得重視，迄至釋字第691號於解釋理由書中明確揭示假釋與否，關係受刑人得否停止徒刑之執行，涉及限制人身自由甚鉅，遂將其提升至人身自由保障之憲法層次。然釋字第691號有關受刑人假釋之准駁，依現制係由行政法院審理，惟可能肇生訴願前置主義延宕救濟時效、假釋制度之救濟體系割裂等虞慮，是藉由釋字第681號及第691號所為之對受刑人假釋制度之救濟疑義進行批判性思考，並透由程序及實體上之具體修法建議，使其回歸刑事法院裁決，俾使假釋制度之救濟途徑益增完善，符合法治國原則之常軌運行。

Ever since the judicial interpretation number 653, 654, and 681 accounted for protection of the prisoner's litigation right under the Constitution Art. 16, the prisoner's relief rights has been paid attention gradually. Later on, the judicial interpretation number 691 clearly reveals parole with approval or refusal in relation to the inmates whether to be stopped for execution of imprisonment or not, as the restrictions on personal freedom is very important and has no way but promote the issue up to the constitutional level. However, the Interpretation No. 691 explains the approval and dismissal of the offender's parole which is dealt with by the Administrative Court in accordance with the prevailing practice. This may result in some problems, such as the dislikes of preemptive deferred relief and parole relief. Thus, with a critical thinking of the Interpretation No. 681 and 691 aforementioned, specific procedural and substantive remedial proposals are proposed to return to the criminal court and to make the parole relief more perfect in consistence with the principles of the rule of law running on the normal track.