護理人員應具備的專業核心能力

Essential Professional Core Competencies for Nurses

護理專業欲提升護理照護品質與效能，建立其社會價值與地位，必須從護理人員之核心能力紮根作起。本文在介紹護理能力的定義與內涵，分為行為特質的要素及護理勝任度所需的核心能力；行為特質包括：優雅風範、服務熱忱、精確觀察力與判斷力、效率與技術、責任心。護理勝任核心能力包括：一般照護、溝通協調及合作、管理、自我成長、創新及研究、壓力調適等能力。護理能力在養成教育中應強化批判性評析的技能，以問題為導向的教學法及以實證為導向之學習法，藉由客觀結構化臨床考試作為評值，強化學生之臨床情境反應能力。進入職場後，以專業能力進階制度提供系統性教育與訓練，輔以輪調不同單位累積工作經驗，可將護理生手強化至重症或困難病人照護進而轉化為護理專家。而行政管理者應提供優質的工作職場，營造友善組織氣氛和學習環境，激發內在學習動機，以擴展專業能力。護理能力的提升及護理價值的建立，是需要學、產業界共同面對與努力的重要議題。

Core competency is vital to the nursing profession. Such helps guarantee the high quality and effectiveness of delivered care and maintains the social value and status of the nursing profession. This article introduces the definition of nursing core competency and its connotations. The core competency profile for the nursing profession embraces basic behavioral attributes as well as mastery of advanced practice skills. The former include such attributes as gentleness, willingness to serve, keen observation and judgment, efficiency, skillfulness, responsibility and accountability. The latter embraces skills in general care, communication and collaboration, management, self-development, innovation and research, and stress-adjustment. To cultivate competent nurses, academic education should emphasize critical thinking skills, integrate problem-based and evidence-based learning approaches into curricula, and use objective structured clinical examination to evaluate learning outcomes. In the healthcare sector, systematic professional training models such as the clinical ladder with multidiscipline rotation hold the potential to train novice nurses as expert professionals. Meanwhile, to advance the professional capabilities of nurses, nursing administrators should provide a positive work environment to fuel and maintain learning motivation. Education and healthcare systems should work closely together to promote the professional competence of nurses and to strengthen the value of the nursing profession.