整合資訊檢索與臨床醫學本體論之知識管理系統

An IR-based Knowledge Management System Integrated with Ontology Structure for Clinical Medical Information Retrieval

臨床醫學資訊分散於各個文獻、資料庫、和病患病歷之中，當臨床醫療人員面臨疾病的預防、診斷、治療和研究工作時，掌握整合的病人資訊將是非常有幫助的，尤其當面對急性傳染病時，臨床醫師需要即時而正確的資訊，以便快速地做出診斷及治療的決策。為了縮小知識範疇以利研究的進行，本研究以嚴重急性呼吸道症候群(Server Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS)為主題，建置了一個抗SARS知識管理系統(Anti-SARS KMS)，整合和SARS相關的電子病歷、胸部X光影像、醫院標準作業程序、生物醫學文獻、新聞，以及生物資訊資料庫。並以向量空間模型(Vector Space Model)為基礎，建立一套資訊檢索的程序，以協助臨床醫療人員有效率地檢索到和病人真正相關的資訊。為了讓本系統的檢索能力更具彈性與效率，我們使用一套SARS ontology來展開使用者的查詢條件，以便檢索到更多相關的資訊。這一套ontology以生物醫學、疾病診斷、流行病學、管理與症狀五大分類來涵蓋整個SARS相關的知識領域，此ontology的建置並不是本研究最主要目的，然而其發展的結果將可套用於本研究之中。雖然本研究是以SARS為主題，然而運用相同的概念與方法，我們預期可以將研究方法應用到其他的疾病上，如肺結核、禽流感、登革熱。因此，提供一個有效率的方法來整合不同的資料來源，並且依據使用者的查詢條件檢索出相關的資訊，為本研究的最終目標。

Clinical medical information exists in scientific literature, structure database, and patient data such as patient record, medical image and laboratory test report, etc. Consequently, it will be helpful for clinical personnel to have integrated patient information in disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and research issues. In addition, when facing an acute infectious disease, it is very important to retrieve relevant patient information for making a correct decision in a short time. Therefore a knowledge management system which can integrate diverse patient data and have efficient information retrieval ability has been developed in this research. In order to narrow down the knowledge scope, we focused on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) as an example to build the knowledge management system, Anti-SARS KMS. In this research, we have integrated SARS related data including electronic medical record (EMR), chest x-ray image, standard operating procedures (SOP) in a public hospital, literature, news, and bioinformatics database into the system and developed an information retrieval procedure based on the Vector Space Model (VSM) to locate the relevant information. To make the search engine more flexible and efficient, the SARS ontology has been developed and applied in this research to expand the user's query for more relevant information. The ontology has five category branches which contain biomedicine, diagnostics, epidemiology, management, and syndrome to cover the SARS related field. This effort is not the main purpose of this research, but the result has been adopted in this research. Although the Anti-SARS KMS focuses on the SARS topic, we expect the same concept and procedure can also be applied on other diseases. Therefore the main purpose of this research is to provide an efficient way to integrate different data source and retrieve relevant information according to user's query.