慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人「低效性呼吸型態」之護理

“Ineffective Breathing Pattern” Care for COPD Patients

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD）為一長期、慢性、且無法完全恢復的呼吸道疾病，病人必須終身與此疾病共存。此類病人常因疾病特性而影響其正常的「通氣」功能，當病人吸氣或吐氣無法提供足夠的通氣，無法維持肺部適當的擴張和收縮，就會產生「低效性呼吸型態」的問題，長久下來不但會造成病人生理、心理與行為的改變，更可能影響個體之情緒、活動及生活品質，護理人員要處理慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人之「低效性呼吸型態」的問題，必須從造成的原因著手，包括改善呼吸肌功能、改善肺擴張受限情形及維持呼吸道通暢三方面，因此筆者針對相關議題統合相關實證文獻，期能作為臨床護理人員在照護此類病人的參考。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term, chronic respiratory disease from which patients never fully recover. COPD patients usually face abnormal aeration caused by the disease. Patients that are unable to breathe and aspirate adequately and maintain lung appropriate expansion and contraction are considered to have ineffective breathing patterns. This causes physical, psychological and behavioral changes in COPD patients and impacts their emotional condition, daily activities and quality of life. Nurses who care for COPD patients with ineffective breathing patters can improve breathing muscle functions, improve respiration and keep the airway clean. In this paper, the author reviews and integrates relevant findings on this subject from the empirical literature in order to assist clinical nurses responsible for the care of COPD patients.