應用繪畫來探討一位學齡期兒童住院經驗的知覺

Using Drawing to Understand a School Child's Perceptions of Experiences in Hospital

如何讓病童勇敢面對檢查、治療及住院時免於恐懼，乃兒科護理人員一大工作挑戰。本文藉由繪畫的方式，應用投射技巧，並透過“聯想”技術及“完成”技術，讓一位學齡期兒童自由反應，來探討其住院經驗，此包含治療恐懼與對疾病、生命和死亡的認知。同時提供個案娛樂與鬆弛身心，以減少住院中的陌生感及釋放焦慮能量，並介入衛生教育於護理活動中，達到如廁後衛生習慣養成，從透過繪畫過程的互動環境中，學習到有意義的社交活動，來滿足其“勤勉與自卑”的發展任務，及緩和情緒上的衝突，並有助於自我認識和自我成長。

Challenges are imposed upon nursing personnel when children are persuaded to face fears and anxiety aroused by medical examination, therapeutic interventions and during in-patient stay in the hospital. In this article, we report the use of art therapy, which embodied the application of ”reflection”, connection and completion techniques, so that the hospitalized child is allowed free association during the procedure and explores his experience. Health education is also incorporated into daily nursing activity for toilet training. Hence, the school age child acquires the knowledge of organic functions, disease nature and perception of death through the in-hospital experience. During drawing play, inflicted emotional conflicts are buffered so as to promote self-esteem and maturation. Not only unfamiliarity during hospitalization is removed but also anxiety is reduced.