身心靈整合心理治療模式於臨床護理的應用

The Application of Body-Mind-Spirit Integrated Psychotherapy in Nursing Practice

身心靈整合的心理治療模式，符合護理所強調身心靈不可分割的概念和照護病患及家屬身心靈整體的需求，因此呈現護理全人照護的核心價值。身心靈治療的理論依據乃涵蓋西方心理治療的理論，例如正向心理學、原諒治療；東方哲學理論，諸如佛教、道教及孔夫子的思想；以及傳統中醫理論。本文簡述身心靈整合心理治療模式中全人健康的概念，包含：維持身體的健康需要有適當的營養攝取、身體的放鬆和氣息的調和；心理部份需維持內心的平靜和人際關係的和諧；靈性部份需發展有意義的人生和充滿希望的信念。本文具體說明如何應用身心靈整合心理治療模式於憂鬱症個案、乳癌存活者及其伴侶的臨床照護，以及實證研究結果。最後討論和總結具文化敏感度的身心靈整合心理治療，能夠有效幫助個案從生病的痛苦中，蛻變成生命中成長的經驗。

Body-mind-spirit integrated psychotherapy reflects the core value of nursing by emphasizing the inseparable concept of body, mind, and spirit and caring for the holistic needs of the patient. Body-mind-spirit integrated psychotherapy was developed based on Western psychotherapy (positive psychology and forgiveness therapy), traditional Chinese medicine, and the Eastern philosophies of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The present paper describes the holistic concepts that underpin this therapeutic approach. Physical health is sustained through proper nutrition, physical relaxation, and harmonized breathing; psychological well-being helps maintain inner peace and harmony in interpersonal relationships; and spiritual well-being helps develop an optimistic and meaningful life. We report on several cases in which body-mind-spirit integrated psychotherapy was applied to the care of clients with depressive disorders and of breast cancer survivors and their partners as well as the related efficacy of this intervention in these cases. Finally, we discuss the potential for culturally-enriched psychotherapy to help clients transform illness suffering into life-growth experiences.