青少年的規律吸菸和吸菸依賴影響因素之探討

Smoking and Cigarette Dependence Among Taiwanese Adolescent Smokers: Factors of Influence

背景：目前國內研究大多偏向青少年吸菸的流行病學調查，國外研究已確認青少年吸第一支菸就會產生吸菸依賴，吸菸行為和吸菸依賴有相關，但是屬於不同的概念，其影響因素可能就會有所不同。
目的：探討影響青少年之規律吸菸和吸菸依賴的因素，以及吸菸依賴和相關因素對於青少年戒菸意圖的影響。
方法：採橫斷性研究設計，於2007年11月至2008年5月在中南部12所高中職學校中，立意取樣最近一年內有吸菸行為的學生，共370位完成自填式問卷。問卷包括個人基本資料、吸菸背景和吸菸行為、吸菸依賴量表和戒菸意圖評估，以描述性統計、邏輯式迴歸、複迴歸等統計方法進行資料分析。
結果：本研究樣本中，有306位是規律吸菸者，朋友吸菸顯著影響青少年規律吸菸行為，父母親對青少年吸菸嘮叨是青少年規律吸菸行為的保護因子。兄弟姊妹吸菸和朋友吸菸會顯著影響青少年吸菸依賴，吸菸依賴會顯著影響青少年戒菸意圖。
結論：實務應用 本研究結果建議護理人員發展青少年戒菸計畫時，加入家庭和同儕團體做為整體的考量，擬定更具成效的戒菸計畫。

Background: The current literature in Taiwan on adolescent smoking behavior focuses primarily on epidemiological surveys. The literature outside of Taiwan is consistent in indicating that the experience of an individual with his or her first cigarette predicts consequent smoking behavior during adolescence. Smoking behavior has been associated with cigarette dependence. However the concept of smoking behavior differs from cigarette dependence, and their predictors may vary considerably. Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine predictors of regular smoking, cigarette dependence and attempts to quit amongst adolescent smokers. Methods: Researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey in twelve senior high schools in central and southern Taiwan between November 2007 and May 2009. Participants (N = 370), all of who had smoked at least once during the preceding one-year period, completed a questionnaire. Logistic analyses and multiple regression were used to explore predictors of smoking behavior, cigarette dependence and quit attempts. Result: The sample included 306 “regular” smokers. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, having friends who smoked significantly influenced regular smoking behavior. Parental nagging about participant smoking behavior was a protective factor inhibiting regular smoking. Multiple regression analysis found smoking amongst siblings and friends to be a significant predictor of cigarette dependence. Cigarette dependence was found to significantly influence the success of attempts to quit. Conclusion / Implications for practice: Family and peer groups were the most important factors of influence on adolescent smoking behavior. This finding suggests that nursing professionals should leverage family and peer support when planning and implementing smoking cessation programs.