中國汶川地震期間震區某校護生心理狀況調查分析

A Study on the Psychological State of Nurse-Students of a University in Affected Areas of Wenchuan Earthquake

背景：中國四川汶川8.0級特大地震為中國建國以來破壞性最大的一次地震，造成了巨大的環境傷害和財產損失，給較大範圍的人群造成相當的心理壓力和情緒問題。目的：了解汶川地震期間震區某校護生心理健康狀況。方法：本研究採用整群抽樣的方法以震區一大學在校所有護理專業本科學生為研究對象，以問卷調查進行資料收集，研究工具包括基本資料、抑鬱自評量表、焦慮自評量表、社會支援評定量表和應付方式問卷，共五部分。結：果研究對象普遍缺乏地震及避震的相關知識（占68.8%），且研究對象社會支援狀況低於全國正常人平均水平（p < .001），而焦慮、抑鬱程度則高於全國正常人平均水平（p < .001），研究對象的社會支持三個維度及支持總分與焦慮總分呈正相關，與抑鬱嚴重度指數呈負相關（p < .001），研究對象在面對地震災難心理衝突時，最常採用“解決問題＂的方式應對，不同年級間的應對方式無統計學差異。結論：震區護生明顯存在焦慮抑鬱等方面的心理健康問題，而良好的社會支持是維持心理健康的重要措施。

Background: The 8.0-magnitude earthquake that struck Wenchuan County in Sichuan was the most destructive earthquake to hit China since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. It caused great environmental harm and property damage, and brought considerable psychological stress and emotional problems to many in the population. Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the psychological state of nursing students studying at a university located within the Wenchuan earthquake zone. Methods: Nurses were recruited using a striated cluster sampling approach. The study was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Coping Style Questionnaire. Results: Most (68.8%) participants lacked sufficient knowledge regarding the earthquake, and the social support condition of college nursing students was lower than the population average (p＜.001). However, degree of anxiety and depression was higher than the population average (p＜.001). SSRS scores and its three dimensions were positively correlated with SAS scores and negatively correlated with SDS scores (p＜.001). Participants most often employed basic problem solving approaches to deal with psychological conflicts arising from their earthquake experience. No significant difference between nursing students in different class years in terms of study variables was identified. Conclusion: Nursing students in areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake suffer from anxiety and depression disorders. Adequate social support represents an important intervention needed to maintain and enhance their mental health.