學校健康促進減重計畫成效

Effectiveness of a School Weight Control Program

背景：學校健康促進減重計畫的施行，可以減少兒童肥胖與改善體適能，以往學校減重計畫實施後未長期追蹤兒童體位與體適能。
目的：探討學校健康促進減重計畫實施前後及暑假後減重與體適能成效。
方法：採單組前後測研究設計，立意選取台北市某國小五年級27位過重與肥胖兒童。研究實施期間為2007年3月至6月，課程包括：認識肥胖、基本營養相關知識；運動課程包括：每週兩次45分鐘的運動及選擇週末一次至少30分鐘的自主性體能活動。以無母數統計與重複量數分析檢測減重計畫實施前、後及暑假後肥胖指標與體適能成效。
結果：減重計畫實施後，兒童身體質量指數與腰高圍比例有顯著下降（p < .001）。體適能方面，800公尺跑走（p < .01）與一分鐘屈膝仰臥（p < .05）皆有顯著進步。同年暑假過後兒童肥胖指標與體適能，和計畫實施前未有顯著差異。
結論：實施減重計畫，可以短期改善過重與肥胖兒童的肥胖指標與體適能；未來應持續適當飲食與運動習慣，以維持減重成效與良好的體適能。

Background: School-based health promotion programs have been shown to reduce the incidence of obesity in students and improve student physical fitness. However, few longitudinal evaluations of the effectiveness of such programs have been conducted.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an in-school weight control program. Data was collected prior to and after the school’s summer vacation period.
Methods: The study utilized a one-group pretest-posttest design. Overweight and obese children from the fifth grade in an elementary school in Taipei City were selected as purposive samples. The study, which was conducted between March and June 2007, introduced general obesity concepts, taught basic nutrition education, and organized a physical activity program that comprised two 45-min exercise sessions during the week and one 30-min session activity each weekend. The obesity index assessed the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), with physical fitness tests conducted before and after student summer vacations to assess achieved weight control results. The nonparametric test and repeat measure were used to assess weight control program effectiveness.
Results: After the weight control program, significant declines in BMI and WHtR (p < .001), significant improvements in 800-m run/walk (p < .01) and 1-minute sit-up tests (p < .05) were recorded. However, no significant comparative improvement was achieved on either obesity index or physical fitness test.
Conclusions: Weight control programs represent an effective approach to reduce BMI and WHtR and improve physical fitness. An appropriate diet and exercise are important for school-aged children to maintain effective weight control and physical fitness health.