加註中文藥名對護理人員辨識藥名之影響

Appending Chinese Language Names to Medicine Labels: The Effect on Nursing Staff Label Recognition Efficacy

背景：給藥錯誤是常見的醫療疏失，近年推行醫囑電腦化之後，原來失誤最高的處方開立錯誤有一半以上可以被修正，但是第二高的給藥錯誤僅有2%被阻擋，顯示仍有改善的空間。
目的：探討藥單和藥卡上加註中文藥名對於護理人員辨識藥名的影響。
方法：把辨識藥名分為搜尋和核對兩個元素來考慮，並依此設計研究，以模擬藥單為工具，分為『英文藥單』和『中英文藥單』兩種。於中區某醫學中心某二個內科病房進行研究，納入同意參與者共53人。採完全交互平衡法完成藥單核對，分別測量核對時間及錯誤數。
結果：以平均時間及核對藥單有無錯誤做劃分，以2 × 2交叉表進行卡方檢定（χ2 = 5.165; p < .05）發現，當藥單併用中文藥名時，零錯誤者確實比有錯誤者的核對時間較少。但中英文藥單在核對時間和錯誤數上和英文藥單的差異皆未達顯著。同時中文『字形類似』比『字音類似』造成之核對錯誤率較高。
結論：我們透過注意力與文字辨識等心理學觀點來檢視，藥單資訊以中文或英文方式呈現，對護理人員核對藥物的錯誤率與所花費時間的影響。雖然本研究之假設未完全被證實，但結果值得提供未來護理給藥核對作業改進，以及藥單資訊設計者之參考。

Background: Oral medication administration error is a common occurrence in medical malpractice. While recent widespread medical order system computerization has reduced transcription errors (previously, the most prevalent medication administration error) by over 50%, oral medication administration error (previously, the second most prevalent medication administration error) has fallen by only 2%. Significant room exists for improvement in this latter error category. Purpose: This paper was designed to identify the effect on proper medication recognition of including Chinese language medication names on medication sheets and cards.
Methods: Medication name examination in this study comprised two elements, namely search and check. Instruments were simulations of actual medication sheets and cards. One was presented in English only, and the other was in English appended with the medication name in Chinese. Two medical wards were chosen at a medical center in middle Taiwan as target populations. The sample for this study consisted of 53 nurses, all of whom provided informed consent. Time and errors were measured, and the checking order of medical sheets was completely counterbalanced.
Results: 2x2 tables of chi-square (5.165*) for independence showed that average time consumed by accurate checking was significantly less than the average time consumed by inaccurate checking after Chinese labeling had been added. The differences in time spent and checking accuracy between these two versions were not significant. It was further found that the similar shape of Chinese characters caused more errors than similar pronunciation on medication sheets. Conclusions: From the perspectives of attention and character recognition, we examined whether time consumption and accurate checking ratios differed between the standard (English) medication sheet and the new one with added Chinese. In addition to partially supporting the hypothesis of the study, results provide valuable information for medication administration procedures and for labeling medications in the future.