胡瑗與南宋儒學的實踐意識

Hu Yuan and the Confucian Consciousness of Praxis in Southern Song

作為北宋儒學的重要人物，胡瑗在南宋時期經歷了一個被重新理解和評價的過程。汪應辰、朱熹和薛季宣、周必大、黃震等人通過對胡瑗的回溯和詮釋，吸取並轉化出積極的實踐意識，以對治理學發展中的過度理論化弊端。他們或者把胡瑗視作理學先驅和實踐本源，或者視為重要的宋學典範。不同的評價透露出南宋儒學實踐意識的複雜內涵，圍繞天理與實踐、道德實踐與政治實踐這兩組重要關係，衍生出儒家思想內部的張力與多樣性。通過剖析南宋儒家學者之間對於胡瑗的評價與實踐意識的互動關係，本文為瞭解兩宋思想轉型提供了一個內在視角。

As an important Confucian in the Northern Song, Hu Yuan 胡瑗 experienced a process of being re-understood and reassessed in the Southern Song. Through the retrospective understanding of this figure, Wang Yingchen 汪應辰, Zhu Xi 朱熹, Xue Jixuan 薛季宣, Zhou Bida 周必大, and Huang Zhen 黃震 assimilated and strengthened the active Confucian consciousness of Praxis to cure the over-theorization in the development of Song Neo- Confucianism. They regarded Hu either as the Praxis-oriented forerunner of Neo-Confucianism or as a representative of the most important practical paradigm for Song Confucianism as a whole. The different assessments reflect the complex meaning of the Confucian conception of Praxis in this period. The core of the conception is the relationship between Principle (tianli 天理) and Praxis, as well as between moral praxis and political praxis. The dialectics among these issues implies the intrinsic tension and the multiple possibilities in Southern Song Confucian thinking. This paper purports to provide an internal perspective for explaining the intellectual-cultural transformation from the Northern to the Southern Song.