學校組織中的家長是領導——以一個幼兒園為例

The Paternalistic Leadership In the School-A case study of a Kingdergarten

在幼稚園組織中，園長領導扮演著極為重要的角色，園長本身的經歷及專業訓練與幼稚園的教育品質具有密切關係。本研究試圖從華人文化的觀點探究幼稚園園長的領導行為，關心領導者在促進教育品質的過程中，所持的理念觀點以及領導的實際作為。研究者以一所私人經營之績優幼稚園園長為研究對象，研究者以參與觀察者的角色，自2004年3月至11月進入幼兒園現場蒐集資料，計有參與觀察四十五次，正式訪談二次，非正式訪談二十一次；除此之外，還蒐集了幼稚園的親職手冊、教案設計、家長會親師溝通說明單等文件。研究發現園長的領導觀點與作為表現在「展現權威」、「關懷照顧」、「重視專業倫理」、「強調形象」等四方面，前三者的內涵與近年來華人組織研究所揭示的「家長式領導」要素互相符應，而「強調形象」這部分也反映了中國人所講究的「面子問題」。

A principle's leadership plays a vitial role in a kingdergarten. The principal's experiences and professional training are closly related to the education quality in the kingdergarten. This resaerch attempts to explore the leading behavior of a kingdergarten principal from a local perspective. The reseacher is interested in the ideological concepts and leadership practice of a leader during the process of the kingdergarten principal and interprets the actual phenomena. The subject of this research is the principle of a private kingdergarten which was granted the Award of Excellency by the Bureau of Education in 2003. The subject has been working as a kingdergarten principal for almost two decades. The resaecher started collecting data in the kingdergarten in March 2004 as a participant observer. So far the reseacher has conducted over 40 observations, 2 formal interviews, and 20 informal interviews. In addition, the parent handbooks, teaching plan designs, and parent-teacher meeting communication documents have also been collected for documentation collection. This research found that the leadership concept and behavior of a kingdergarten principal are present in four aspects which are 'Presentation of authorty', 'Caring', 'Professional ethics appreciation' and 'Strong focus on personal image'. The essence of the first three aspects corresponds to the elements in 'Parental leadership', which are indicated in recent years' studies on Chinese organizations. 'Strong focus on personal image' also reflected the partucular 'Face issue' that Chinese highly regard.