鍾惺《詩經》觀析探

The Study of Zhong Xing's Shijing Opinions

晚明是評點風氣盛行的時代，文人受到宋元以來講求心學、理學的影響，評點作品亦反映出個人之體悟，從中寄託個人情感；「重文章之美，不重文字訓詁」成為晚明文人的習尚，而《詩經》評點在晚明也成為一股熱潮，鍾惺居處於這樣的時代，其評點作品亦受大環境所影響。明代的經學地位一般在歷史上的評價不高，乃因學者多半以「純經學」的眼光視之，而忽略了當時品評所展現出來的藝術成就，清代學者對鍾惺的貶抑尤甚，更以「詩妖」稱之，這種尊經的衛道立場，直到民國以後興起公安、竟陵的研究熱潮才被扭轉過來。本文主要從鍾惺〈詩論〉中的核心觀點，輔以國家圖書館藏的《鍾惺評點詩經》來探察其《詩經》評點，主要的內容包括探討鍾惺《詩經》評點對「經學」權威的反動，〈詩論〉的完成時代背景及版本、年代的考察，並闡述成書年代的考察是否真具實質意義。另外也要借用西方詮釋學的概念來檢視鍾惺的〈詩論〉見解，並說明其影響及評價。

The Late Ming Dynasty is a prevalent age of annotations atmosphere gained popularity. At that time, many literati to be affected with the philosophy of mind, Neo-Confucianism from Song and Yuan Dynasty, their annotations works reflected personal comprehension, and entrusted their emotions. The literati attached importance to the beauty of the writings, and looking down on the explanation of the sentences and the words is the atmosphere in that age, at the same time, the annotations of Shijing (The Book of Songs) formed a upsurge, Zhong Xing lived in the age, his works of annotations was affected with the big circumstance too. The Ming Dynasty's study of Confucian classics had not obtained better valuation, just because most scholars emphasized the pure study of Confucian classics, and ignored the achievements of the arts from the criticism and punctuation in Confucian classics. The scholars of Qing Dynasty even lessened Zhong Xin as 'the monster of poem' that standpoint of Defending Conventional Feudal Values, turned back until the Republic of China was founded. This research explored the Core Issue of Zhong Xing's Shilun (The Discussion of the Poetry), and Zhong Xing's Shijing annotations, the main contents include the reaction of Zhong Xing's Shijing annotations to the authorities from the study of Confucian classics, the historical background background of Shilun, the investigations on this book's Version, age, and I will expound the realistic significance from the research of this book's finish times. Besides, this research borrowed some conceptions of the western hermeneutics to inspect the concepts of Zhong Xing's Shilun, moreover, explained his influences and evaluations.