男女選手下肢運動傷害差異：關節穩定度與平衡能力的探討

Difference of Injury Rate of the Lower Extremities between Male and Female Athletes: The Roles of Joint Laxity and Dynamic Balance Control

對於選手及教練而言，避免或減少運動傷害的發生是訓練要項之一。運動傷害的調查研究顯示運動選手發生下肢膝、踝關節傷害的比例最高，而且男女選手的發生率不同，女性下肢非接觸型膝踝傷害的發生率明顯高於男性。本文分別比較男女關節穩定度、動態平衡和靜態平衡能力的差異，探討它們與女性下肢運動傷害發生率較高之間的關聯。文獻整理的結果顯示，女子選手下肢傷害發生率較高的原因可能是關節穩定度和動態平衡能力較差，與靜態平衡能力關聯較低。因此，女子選手的訓練中應該加入動態平衡或是核心肌力的訓練，以減少下肢傷害的發生。

Prevention or reducing the incidence of sports injuries is a critical part of athletic training. Surveys of sport injury showed the lower extremities, especially the knee and ankle, are the major locations prone to injury. Moreover, female athletes sustained a higher rate of the non-contact injury of the lower limbs in comparison to males. This present paper reviewed studies addressed on gender difference of joint laxity, dynamic balance and static balance in an attempt to discern the relationships of these factors and lower extremity injuries. The results indicated that the laxities of knee and ankle and dynamic balance control of female athletes were worse than of male athletes, which may result in a more vulnerable joint when unexpected forces are loaded. Accordingly, training focused on improving dynamic balance control and core strength should be added in the training of female athletes to prevent the injuries of the lower extremity.