日本運動會的歷史考察：「競鬪遊戲會」的特徵

Historical Survey of the Japanese Sports Day: Characteristics of Kyotouyuugikai

目的：本方法主要的目的旨在探討「競鬪遊戲會」當時的背景與其特徵，以及日本海軍部和海軍兵學校支援該遊戲會的目的。方法：本研究採文獻分析法，主要以相關原始資料為依據，進行分析。資料包含實際參加該遊戲會的海軍兵學校學生的手記，海軍檔案資料等。結論：一、該遊戲會的主辦單位海軍學校希望透過大會，能夠減緩教育改革所引起的學生們的精神壓力。二、海軍總部所以積極支援大會的目的，主要是希望透過該遊戲會的方式展現學校近代化的成果。三、該遊戲會的第一個特徵，是一種結合競技和休閒型式的比賽。第二個特徵，是其提供名次和獎品的方式。這些特徵和運動會的特質相近。由此可見，運動會與「競鬪遊戲會」之間有極為密切的關連。

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the background and characteristics of Kyotouyuugikai, and to show to which purpose the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy's (IJNA) and Ministry of the Navy of Japan's (MNJ) support Kyotouyuugikai. Methods: The study utilizes primary sources, such as the memorandum of IJNA students who actually participated in Kyotouyuugikai and official MNJ documents, etc. Conclusion: First, the IJNA expects that Kyotouyuugikai can reduce stress caused by IJNA reforms. Second, the MNJ expects that Kyotouyuugikai will publicly exhibit the IJNA's modern development. Third, the first characteristic of Kyotouyuugikai is the combination of competition and recreation, and the second is the fact that participants are given ranks in the game and are awarded prizes. These characteristics are similar in essence to those of the Japanese Sports day. It is therefore clear that Kyotouyuugikai is closely related to the Sports day.