初探《史記》「德」義－－以表為核心

A Preliminary Exploration of ＂Morality＂ and Righteousness in ＂Records of the Grand Historian＂ - Centered on Tables

《史記》十表經緯人事，特重編年之功，與紀、傳聯繫，補苴罅漏，堪稱殊體。本文探討「德」的歷史淵源，強調「天命有德」，以修德為立論，進而釐析君臣相待之義。通古今之變乃著作動機，亦十表核心內蘊；「形勢雖彊，要之以仁義為本。」不施仁義而殺身滅國，藉古喻今，惕厲頗深。

The Tables of Records of the Grand Historian include historical events of people and pay special attention to annalistic style. The Tables respond to Basic Annals and Collected Biographies and they all complement with one other. Therefore, the Tables are a unique literary style. This study investigated the historical origin of “morality” and emphasized that ＂morality is associated with destiny.＂ This study further clarified and analyzed the righteousness in interactions between Emperor and courtiers based on morality cultivation. The writing motivation of Records of the Grand Historian is to understand the changes from the past to the present, as well as the core meanings of Tables: ＂One should practice righteousness even in difficult times.＂ A nation can be overturned and an Emperor can be killed if he does not practice righteousness. These ancient metaphors can serve as profound vigilance to the present.