論母國規制跨國公司的域外人權義務

Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations of Home States to Regulate the Transnational Corporations

當前，學者們對於母國是否應當承擔規制跨國公司的域外人權義務仍存在爭議。母國域外人權義務理論建立在“人權的橫向效力＂與“國際人權條約的域外適用＂基礎上。具體而言，人權保護暨針對國家在縱向層面的侵犯，也針對私人在橫向層面的侵犯，從而國家具有保護個人不受私人侵犯的義務：國家的人權義務不應以領土為限，而應擴展至其“管轄＂之下的域外領土與個人。“管轄＂的認定要求母國同權利人之間存在一種充分有形的聯繫，使國家能夠對權利人施加事實上的權威。母國對跨國公司侵害人權行為的默許或縱容將引起其在人權條約下的國家責任。

Currently, whether home states should bear the extraterritorial human rights obligations to regulate the transnational corporations is still a controversial issue among scholar. The theory of the extraterritorial human rights obligation of home states is based on“the horizontal effect of human rights＂ and“extraterritorial jurisdiction of international human rights treaties＂. Concretely speaking, human rights protection is not only directed against human rights violation by states at the longitudinal level, but also addressing human rights aggression by private actors at the horizontal level, which means states have an obligations of state should not be limited to territory, but should be extended to the territories or individual of other states under its jurisdiction. The identification of“jurisdiction＂requires a sufficiently tangible link between home state and individual right-holder, so that states could impose actual power on the right-holder. The acquiescence or connivance of the home states in the acts of transnational corporations which violate the rights of individuals may eventually engage that state’s responsibility under the international human rights treaty.