從認知語言學看上古漢語的直接賓語和間接賓語

Direct and Indirect Objects in Archaic Chinese: A Cognitive Linguistics Perspective

本文從認知語言學的角度探討上古漢語的直接賓語和間接賓語，進而提出上古漢語的及物句式 (transitive clause) 可以進一步分成兩種：及物的直賓結構 (transitive-DO clause) 和及物的間賓結構 (transitive-IO clause)。本文也進一步指出這種區別除了有句法分布上的證據外，也有認知上的動因。最後，本文也嘗試在上述討論的基礎上，對上古漢語中“動詞＋賓語＂和“動詞＋于／於＋賓語＂兩種句法結構的轉換交替關係提出一個初步的解釋。

This paper seeks to clarify the status of direct and indirect objects in Archaic Chinese from a cognitive linguistics perspective, and with this clarification, proposes that the transitive clause in Archaic Chinese could be further sub-divided into transitive-DO clause and transitive-IO clause, and that this distinction is syntactically viable and conceptually motivated. Finally, this paper aims to provide a preliminary solution to the alternation between “V+O” and “V+yu+O” structure in Archaic Chinese.