漢語名詞指稱特徵的編碼

The Encoding of Referential Properties in the Chinese Nominal

從對修飾語的位置的研究可以發現，漢語中類似專指 (specificity) 和定指 (definiteness) 等指稱性特徵與數詞之上的某個結構密切相關。這個結構被稱為專指短語，這個短語的投射能產生專指的意義，中心語S 的特徵決定一個名詞短語的定指意義。並非所有的名詞短語都可以被看作有定的。對定指意義的限制可以從理論上加以闡釋，定指意義是由專指短語和量詞短語之間的一致 (Agree) (Chomsky 2000, Pesetsky & Torrego 2004) 關係決定的。每個指稱意義都一定與帶有某種特徵的相應名詞短語相關聯。

By manipulating the positions of modifiers, it can be shown that in Chinese, referential properties like specificity and definiteness are related to some structure higher than the numeral. This structure is identified as the Specificity Phrase (SP), the projection of which gives rise to specificity. The feature specification of the S head determines the definiteness interpretation of a noun phrase. Not all Chinese noun phrases can be interpreted as definite. The restrictions in definiteness interpretation are modeled by a theory in which definiteness is regulated by an Agree (Chomsky 2000, Pesetsky & Torrego 2004) relation between the Specificity Phrase and the Classifier Phrase. Every referential interpretation is unambiguously linked to a corresponding nominal structure with a certain feature specification.