古藏文的全清與次清聲母

Aspirated and Unaspirated Voiceless Consonants in Old Tibetan

在藏語文字系統中有全清（清不送氣）和次清（清送氣）兩套聲母，但一些學者認為這兩套聲母之間不存在音位對立。本文通過對古藏文以及現代藏語方言中清聲母分布的分析，進一步認證原始藏語送氣／不送氣特徵為非區別性特徵。在古藏文中，送氣／不送氣對立可能尚未音位化，但也有可能在外來詞的影響下已經初露音位化的端倪。除此之外，本文所涉及到的資料中的一些例子有助於對古藏文中“詞＂這個語言單位的語音性質獲得更為精確的認識。

Although Tibetan orthography distinguishes aspirated and unaspirated voiceless consonants, various authors have viewed this distinction as not phonemic. An examination of the unaspirated voiceless initials in the Old Tibetan Inscriptions, together with unaspirated voiceless consonants in several Tibetan dialects confirms that aspiration was either not phonemic in Old Tibetan, or only just emerging as a distinction due to loan words. The data examined also affords evidence for the nature of the phonetic word in Old Tibetan.