塔加洛語資訊結構及句法成分的排列方式

Information Structure and Constituent Order in Tagalog

本文主要目的為探討句法及語用在塔加洛語子句內外的互動。在子句內，不同結構可以表達不同的焦點：典型結構可反應述語或整句焦點；分裂結構可反應論元的狹窄焦點；前移結構則可以反應修飾語的狹窄焦點。在這三種結構裡，實際焦點範疇涵蓋了子句最前面的位置。然而在子句外，主題或預想成分可以選擇性的前移到句子最前方所謂的「向左分離」位置，此與子句的前置位置有所不同。因此，傳統中所認為的句子和子句之間的不同在這個語言裡有非常明確的區分。

The goal of this paper is to spell out the way syntax and pragmatics interact with each other inside and outside the clause in Tagalog. Inside the clause, different constructions are employed to express different types of focus structure: a canonical construction for predicate focus and sentence focus, a cleft construction for argument narrow focus, and a fronting construction for adjunct narrow focus. In every case the clause-initial position is included in the actual focus domain. Outside the clause, on the other hand, a topical/presupposed element is optionally preposed to the sentence-initial position called the left-detached position. It will be shown that this sentence-initial position is clearly distinguished from the clause-initial position. The traditionally recognized contrast between sentence and clause is indisputable and unequivocal in this language.