泰語之動詞分類

Verb Classes in Thai

本文以角色指稱語法透過七個不同的測試來區分及描述泰語的動詞分類，使得我們能夠對該語言的動詞分類獲得更深入的了解。七種測試中有四種測試（包括「進度副詞」、「『一小時內』副詞詞組」、「結果狀態」、「使役詮釋」）來自Van Valin (2005)，我們另外提出三種測試，包括「動態性」、「內部持續性」及「比較標記之共同出現」使得測試更為完全。我們的討論涵蓋使役動詞及非使役動詞。在這個架構上我們也探討了無法與動態成分一起出現的跨分類動詞、過程動詞以及活動動詞。

The aim of this study is to contribute to a more precise understanding of Thai verb classes, and their relationship to the characterization of verbs within the Role and Reference Grammar framework, by articulating a set of tests for distinguishing Thai verb classes. The paper presents seven tests that distinguish seven verb classes. Four of the tests proposed in Van Valin (2005) can be used for Thai with minimal adjustment. These include testing with pace adverbs, the ‘in one hour’ test, the test for result state and the causative paraphrase test. Tests for dynamicity, internal duration and occurrence with a comparative marker are adjusted or added to complete the test set. In addition to a discussion and demonstration of the tests for both non-causative and causative verbs, the paper presents data on multi-class verbs, process predicates and activity verbs which cannot occur with a dynamic element.