漢語失讀和失寫：綜述

The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Reading and Writing in Chinese

對於拼音文字使用者中的失讀和失寫進行的認知神經心理學研究影響著我們關於人腦是如何學習字形和字音的匹配、對其進行表徵以及怎樣處理的認識。在過去的十年裡，認知神經心理學又拓展到漢字閱讀和書寫的研究，從而加深了我們對於中文語言處理過程以及閱讀障礙的理解。我們回顧了這個領域的主要發現，特別強調了那些支持漢語閱讀和書寫過程中的認知三角模型的資料。我們的結論是：雖然閱讀和書寫的認知框架對於不同文字系統來說基本上相同，但是漢字的特殊性則有可能決定著大腦如何具體處理這些資訊。

Cognitive neuropsychological studies of patients with acquired reading and writing disorders in alphabetic languages have influenced our understanding of how mappings between orthography and phonology are learned, represented, and processed by the brain. This methodology has been extended to understanding reading and writing in Chinese during the past decade, leading to new insights about language processing and dyslexia and dysgraphia in Chinese. We review the key findings in this field and highlight some of the predictions that follow from a triangle framework of reading and writing in Chinese. Our conclusion is that the cognitive architecture for reading and writing is common across different scripts. However the unique features of Chinese script determine how the brain processes characters in normal and impaired reading and writing.