詔安客家話 -k 尾的消失及其所引起的音韻變化

The Loss of -k in Checked Syllables and the Phonological Changes this Induces in Zhao’an Hakka

本文一方面討論了詔安客家話-k尾消失後所帶動的音韻變化，另一方面則著重於探究引起-k尾丟失的可能的原因。我們主張漢語方言聲調描述上有三大辨異徵性：調值、調型、調長。而這些辨異徵性如何在該語言的系統中產生互動以維持必要的辨異作用是驅使調類歷史演變的主要成因。此外，我們認為-k尾的消失其實反映出客家話裡古苗瑤語的底層效應，因此語言接觸也是音韻變化中重要的一環。

This paper concerns two questions regarding the loss of -k in checked syllables in Zhao’an Hakka: (1) What kinds of phonological changes will be induced by such a loss? And (2) what are the possible causes? To answer the first question, we propose that three major, distinct tonal features—tonal value, tonal pattern, and tonal length—play crucial roles in determining tonal change in Chinese dialects. And it is through the interaction of these three features in the system that we are able to give a satisfactory explanation of the tonal developments that have occurred after the loss of the final -k in the dialect under consideration. To answer the second question, we suggest that the loss of -k, in fact, reflects the influence of a Hmongic substratum. This is a clear case of language contact constituting a very important factor in phonological change.