濃縮現象與呈現結構

Compression and Emergent Structure

概念整合網絡由於濃縮現象而產生各種抽象的結構形式，如假設句、隱喻及語法句式。概念網絡中不斷的有新穎而動態的結構呈現。本文目的在探討這個呈現的概念。首先我們利用數學、廣告、日常的隱喻語言及語法等現象說明融合的心理空間所表現的單純與熟悉跟概念網絡中呈現結構所表現的複雜性很不同。呈現結構主要不是表現在融合的心理空間，而是在整個概念整合網絡。這就是何以創新的數學概念（如複數）其組織卻單純，或複雜的概念，如因果句，卻用簡單的語法來表示的道理。

Compression in conceptual integration networks gives rise to a variety of mental patterns which include counterfactuals, metaphor, and grammatical constructions. Novel dynamic structure is emergent in such networks. The present paper explores the notion of emergence. Data from mathematics, advertising, everyday metaphorical reasoning, and grammar is used to contrast the simplicity and familiarity of blended mental spaces with the complexity of emergent structures in full networks. Emergent structure does not reside primarily in blended spaces but rather in the overall networks. This accounts for the paradox that novel mathematical concepts (e.g. complex numbers) may have a straightforward organization, or that complex meanings (e.g. causatives) may be encoded by “simple”, familiar grammar.