韓國漢字音和中國方言的語音類似度

Phonological Affinity between Sino-Korean and Chinese Dialects

漢字在西元前二世紀可能傳到韓半島。這一說法表示一些古代韓國人從中國上古音時期就開始使用漢字。可是由於語音的變化，現代韓國漢字音保留中國中古音的痕跡最多。由於資料的欠缺，韓國漢字音的方言來源問題目前還沒有定論。關於韓國漢字音和中國哪一個方言最接近的問題，過去有各種各樣的說法。這些說法指出現代韓國漢字音和閩語、客家語或粵語最接近。計算兩個方言共同保持的語音特徵的方法卻不能提供一致的資訊。本文將要指出這些傳統辦法的問題所在並採用鄭錦全的計量方法來測定韓國漢字音和中國方言的語音類似度。根據鄭錦全的計量辦法，本文主張客家語和現在韓國漢字音最接近。

To date, there has been nothing conclusive regarding the source dialects of Sino-Korean (Chinese characters borrowed into Korean). Considered phonologically (i.e., counting the number of shared features), potential candidates in conventional studies have included Yue, Min, and Hakka dialects. This author, however, finds two problems with the conventional views: (1) feature-counting has been done in different ways; and (2) phonologists have manipulated their degrees of sameness by adopting different sets of phonological rules. This author has adopted C. C. Cheng’s CCLang program (rev. 2004), a computer-assisted quantifying method of calculating dialectal affinity. This has allowed us to conclude that Hakka is most similar to Sino-Korean after Min and Yue. The results of this study shed light on the source dialects of Sino-Korean, although the similarities between Sino-Korean and modern Chinese dialects are not directly related to the issue of source dialects for Sino-Korean.