瓊林方言的指示代詞──構詞、語意和語用探析

Place-deixis in the Qionglin Dialect

本文藉由金門瓊林方言指示詞的各種表現形式來探討閩南方言指示詞的構詞、語意與語用。由比較發現閩南方言指示詞首有 tsit/hit 與 tsi/hi 兩組，這兩組詞首加上不同詞素而形成閩南語諸多指示詞；前者原為後者加上數詞一的形式，但在多數閩南方言裡，兩者相互競爭取代，都只剩下一組形式存在。如潮州方言裡只存在 tsi/hμ 這組，而漳州、台灣、與廈門等都僅保留 tsit/hit。瓊林方言卻是 tsit/hit 與 tsi/hi 兩種形式皆留存且各司其職。在競爭取代過程中，某些用法可能隨之消失；如「指示詞首＋處所詞」的用法不存在於台灣、廈門閩南方言，但存在於瓊林方言及汕頭方言，因其為 tsi/hi＋處所詞。

This paper deals with the morphology, semantics, and grammatical functions of Qionglin place-deixis. Southern Min dialects usually have either tsi / hi or tsit / hit as preposed place-deictics, the latter historically deriving from tsi / hi plus the numeral ‘one’. Most Southern Min dialects attest either one set or the other; e.g., Taiwanese Southern Min and Amoy tsit / hit, Chaozhou tsi / hµ. The Qionglin dialect, however, has both types of place-deictic, functionally differentiated. In Chaozhou and Qionglin, the {deictic + location} phrase expressed using tsi / hi is perfectly grammatical, while this locution is disallowed in TSM and Amoy, since these have lost the first set of place deictics.