明代的差比句

Comparative Constructions in the Ming Dynasty

本文詳盡描寫了明代差比句的使用情況，並聯繫清代以後差比句的情況進行討論，指出明代還是兩種詞序類型的差比句共存時期，從明到清，“比＂字句從比人、比事物，到比事件、比動作，功能逐步擴展，而“如／似＂字句則慢慢退出了差比句系統。同時，我們也考察了“比＂字句在現代漢語方言中的分布，指出“比＂字句在現代漢語北方官話方言中的擴散模式和歷史文獻所反映的進程是一致的，而它在南方方言中的擴散模式則與此不同。我們將對這些現象和規律作出解釋。

In the Ming Dynasty there were two types of comparative construction characterized by different word order: the bi-construction and ru(si)-construction. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing the function of the bi-construction gradually expanded until it eventually became dominant in the northern Chinese dialects, while in the south the diffusion of the bi-construction shows a somewhat different process at work.