市售枳實類藥材之鑑別

Studies on Adulteration and Misusage of Aurantii Immaturus Fructus in Market

枳實(Aurantii Immaturus Fructus)為常用中藥之一，中華中藥典收載之基原為芸香科(Rutaceae)植物酸橙Citrus aurantium L.及其栽培變種或甜橙Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck的乾燥幼果。根據本草典藉記載，枳實使用歷史悠久，最早以綠衣枳實（即枸橘Poncirus trifoliate (L.)Raf.之乾燥幼果）入藥，後來才改用上述基原。現今枳實之誤用品除綠衣枳實外，尚有個青皮（橘Citrus reticulate Blanco之乾燥幼果）、柚Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck之乾燥幼果等，雖同屬芸香科植物，但成分含量差異甚大，應予區別。有鑑於此，本研究以生藥學與薄層層析法，建立枳實（酸橙與甜橙）、綠衣枳實、個青皮及柚等鑑別方法，並進行市售品基原之鑑定。結果顯示，50件檢體中，2件(4%)為正品，均為酸橙，48件(96%)為誤用品，包含5件個青皮及43件綠衣枳實，市售枳實誤用情形嚴重，應詳加鑑別。

Alternatives and adulterants of raw materials may affect the therapeutic efficacy of Chinese medicinal preparations, and pose harm to health. Therefore, authentic raw materials are the priority issue for the safety and quality of traditional Chinese medicines.The botanical origin of Aurantii Immaturus Fructus is dried immature fruits of Citrus aurantium L. and Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck. According to literatures, there are a number of alternatives and adulterants, such as Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf., Citrus reticulate Blanco, and Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck, etc.. In order to identify the botanical origins of commercial Aurantii Immaturus Fructus in Taiwan, fifty samples were purchased from market and were distinguished from authentic materials by morphology, microscopy and thin layer chromatography.The results showed that 2 out of 50 samples (4%) were C. aurantium, 5 samples (10%) C. reticulate and 43 samples (86%) P. trifoliate. Based on the results, the adulteration of Aurantii Immaturus Fructus in market is very serious.