孕期相關睡眠障礙的非藥物處置

Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pregnancy-Related Sleep Disturbances

婦女生命期中睡眠品質較差的為孕期和產褥期，雖然懷孕在女性的一生週期可能只有短暫的幾年，但加總懷孕這段期間，其影響女性的睡眠已足夠對健康造成深遠的衝擊。約有78–80%的孕期婦女，經歷睡眠障礙包含：深沉睡眠期減少、總睡眠時數減少、白天嗜睡、自覺睡眠品質降低、頻繁夜間醒來、睡眠效率降低。孕期睡眠障礙始於第一孕期而盛行於第三孕期，相關因素包含：生理、心理社會及生活型態。70%–80%的失眠病人，可藉由非藥物的處置而得到改善睡眠的效果。故非藥物的輔助介入措施，儼然已成為護理措施的主軸。孕期睡眠障礙的相關非藥物處置包含：音樂療法、有氧運動、按摩、漸進式放鬆、複合方法及托腹帶使用等。然運用在改善一般成人睡眠障礙的其他非藥物處置如：耳穴按壓、認知療法、太極拳、芳香療法等，是否能有效改善孕期睡眠障礙及其相關的應用禁忌，仍需要未來實證研究加以多方探討。再者，非藥物處置仍有其限制，並非所有孕婦的睡眠障礙，皆能經由非藥物處置來改善。

Most women experience the worse sleep quality of their life during pregnancy and the early postpartum period. Although pregnancy typically accounts for a relatively short part of a woman's life, the related sleep disturbances may have a significant and negative impact on her long-term health. Approximately 78-80% of pregnant women experience sleep disturbances, including interruptions in deep sleep, decreased total sleep time, poor subjective sleep quality, frequent night waking, and reduced sleep efficacy. Sleep disturbances during pregnancy start during the first trimester and become prevalent during the third trimester. Related factors include physiological and psychosocial changes and an unhealthy lifestyle. As non-pharmacological interventions have the potential to improve sleep quality in 70% to 80% of patients with insomnia, this is the main approached that is currently used to treat pregnancy-related sleep disturbances. Examples of these non-pharmacological interventions include music therapy, aerobic exercise, massage, progressive muscle relaxation, multi-modal interventions, and the use of a maternity support belt. The efficacy and safety of other related non-pharmacological interventions such as auricular acupressure, cognitive therapy, tai chi, and aromatherapy remain uncertain, with more empirical research required. Additionally, non-pharmacological interventions do not effectively treat sleep disturbances in all pregnant women.