探討發展遲緩幼童之父母親職壓力與生活品質之相關－－以親職效能為中介變項

The Mediating Role of Parenting Self-Efficacy on Parenting Stress and Quality of Life in Parents of Young Children With Developmental Delay

背景：研究顯示，照顧發展遲緩孩童之父母其親職壓力較高，生活品質較低，親職效能可能成為兩者之間的中介角色。目的：本研究探討發展遲緩兒童父母的親職效能，在親職壓力與生活品質的中介角色與影響程度及父母間的差異。方法　本研究為橫斷面研究設計，收案人數共70對140人發展遲緩幼童之父母。使用工具包括：基本資料、親職壓力量表短表、親職效能量表及生活品質量表台灣簡明版。結果　本研究發現，父母有中等程度的生活品質、親職壓力及親職效能。父母之親職壓力與親職效能及生活品質呈顯著高度負相關，且其親職效能與生活品質呈顯著高度正相關。父親親職效能呈現完全中介，其中介影響力達62.2%（p ＜ .001）；母親的親職效能為部分中介，其中介影響力達59.5%（p ＜.05）。結論與實務應用　親職效能為親職壓力及生活品質的中介變項。父親之親職效能完全中介親職壓力對其生活品質的影響；母親的親職效能則部份中介親職壓力對其生活品質的影響。建議未來應持續研究影響遲緩兒童父母親生活品質的影響因子，並發展介入性措施，以提升父母親職效能，特別是父親。

Background: Previous studies indicate that parents of developmentally delayed children have higher parenting stress (PS) and lower quality of life (QoL) than parents of healthy children. Parenting self-efficacy (PSE) may mediate the effects of PS on the QoL of parents. Purpose: The present study explores the mediating role of PSE between PS and the QoL of parents of developmentally delayed children and compares the differences in several variables between fathers and mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used to study a sample of 70 parent dyads. Instruments used were the Basic Information Form, Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF), Parenting Self-efficacy Scale (PSE Scale), and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Taiwan version (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: (1) Participants had a moderate level of QoL, PS, and PSE. (2) The PS of participants was significantly and negatively correlated with both QoL and PSE while their PSE was significantly and positively correlated with QoL. (3) The PSE of the fathers completely mediated the effects of PS on their QoL (p ＜ .001), accounting for 62.2% of observed variation, while the PSE of the mothers partially mediated the effects of PS on their QoL (p ＜ .05), accounting for 59.5% of observed variation. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: PSE was identified as the mediator between PS and QoL in both fathers and mothers. The PSE of the fathers completely mediated the effect of PS on QoL, while the PSE of the mothers partially mediated the effect of PS on QoL. Further research that explores the factors that affect the QoL of parents and then uses the results to develop interventions to enhance the PSE of parents, especially fathers, is recommended.