面對氣候變遷與健康的挑戰——未來的護理教育

Confronting the Health-Related Challenges of Climate Change: Nursing Education for the Future

氣候變遷是二十一世紀人類最大的健康威脅，從各面向影響人類健康，熱浪危害、病媒與水媒傳染性疾病流行與擴張、生物性、過敏性疾病醫療負擔增加、空氣污染惡化與健康危害提高等現象，已是全球必須一同面對的公共衛生議題。應對氣候變遷健康衝擊的各項調適策略與行動刻不容緩，各層級教育融入亦是提升調適認知與技能發展的優先課題。護理人員身為醫療照護與民眾溝通第一線，應優先認知全球社會與環境的變遷，顯見氣候變遷調適知能融入護理教育的重要性。本文目的乃評論氣候變遷對健康的影響，及各國醫療照護體系應對氣候變遷之規劃性策略，並針對臺灣醫療照護產業進行初步調查，提出未來臺灣健康相關產業的調適需求，以及專業教育的短中長期課程融入規劃與推廣策略，來增進護理人員氣候變遷健康調適專業知能，並期許透過跨領域合作，強化調適科技與醫療照護產業的實務鏈結。

Climate change is the greatest threat to public health in the 21st century. The increasing health impact of heat waves, the increasing magnitudes and spatial expansions of vector and water-borne diseases epidemics, and the increasing medical burdens of biological allergic illnesses, worsening local air pollution, and other related issues are expected to continue to increase in severity in the near future. All of these issues are global problems that must be faced. Adaptation strategies and action plans related to climate change are needed and emerging. Moreover, integrating the basic concepts, scientific evidences, and new technology into public and professional education systems is already recognized as a priority in the national adaptation program. Nurses stand on the frontlines of medical care and health communication. The integration of climate change and adaptation to climate change into nursing education and training is become increasingly important. This article reviews both the expected health impacts of climate change and the mitigation and adaptation strategies that have been proposed / adopted by medical care facilities around the world. Further, we outline the current, priority needs for action in medical care facilities in Taiwan in order to mitigate and adapt to climate-change-related healthcare issues. Additionally, we present an integrated strategic plan for educating healthcare professionals, including nurse, in the future. We hope that the ideas that are presented in this paper encourage multidisciplinary cooperation and help bridge the gap between technology development and practical application in Taiwan's medical care system.