從八仙事件談醫務社工師的角色功能

Discussion of the Roles of Medical Social Workers in the Response to the Explosion Incident at Formosa Fun Coast

醫務社會工作師以人在環境中以及生態系統觀點為基礎，強調人、環境及二者的交互影響。當八仙塵爆事件的病人來到醫院後，社工師除了關懷及評估燒燙傷對病人本人的影響之外，同時關注與支持其家屬。本篇文章由各系統分別論述社工師的角色功能。在個人系統，由艾瑞克森（EricErickson）心理社會發展階段，去探討病人本人所面臨的危機及社工關注重點；在家庭及學校／職場系統中，評估病人、重要他人及主要照顧者間的關係、家庭等次系統間的互動；由社區政策及文化系統去關注燒傷病人出院後社區資源的可運用性。除了系統觀點之外，另加入時間序列架構，由病人住院初期、住院中期及出院準備期三個階段，分別論述社工師的角色、適用理論以及工作的重點與目標。

Medical social workers apply the theories of ＂person in the environment＂ (PIE) and ＂ecological perspective＂ as practical foundations. Furthermore, they emphasize the people, the environment, and the interactions between these two. When burn patients from the explosion at Formosa Fun Coast were sent to hospitals, social workers not only provided care and assessed the impact on burn patients but also assisted in supporting the family members of these patients. This article discusses the various roles of social workers within different systems. In the individual system, we use Eric Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development to evaluate the patient’s crisis and the tasks of social workers. Secondly, in the systems of family, school, and work, we assess the relationships between a patient, his/ her significant others, and caregivers as well as the interactions among sub-systems in the family. In the community and cultural systems, we focus on the social resources that may be utilized by the burn patients after discharge. Moreover, we add a time frame to examine our major tasks, including the initial stage, the middle stage, and the preparation-for-discharge stage. We explore the roles of social workers, the applicable theories, and the goals for each stage.