全民均健－－從教育看社區護理與公共衛生的發展

Health for All-The Development of Community Health Nursing and Public Health Nursing from the Perspective of Education

本文主旨在從教育的角度探討社區護理與公共衛生護理在臺灣的發展，並對於未來台灣社區護理教育提出看法。本文內容包括回顧1910到50年代臺灣社區護理／公共衛生的教學方式與實務工作的範疇；社區護理與公共衛生「全民均健」、「社會公義」的哲學理念的落實；以群體、預防、健康促進、政策與夥伴關係等五P特色的教學與執業內容；台灣護理學會社區護理委員會制定的社區護理核心能力與執業場域；以及美國The Quad Council提出的社區護理師核心能力與分級等面向。嘗試從巨觀與微觀的角度，了解社區護理教育與實務工作演進的密切關係，並尋找未來發展的方向。作者並於最後提出各層級護理教育準備在社區護理核心能力養成的分級；加強教育與社區護理／公共衛生職場需求產官學的連結；以及增進社區護理與公共衛生各專業團體的整合與共識等三項建議，期能對未來社區護理教育的方向有所助益。

The purpose of this article was to examine the development of community health nursing and public health nursing in Taiwan from an educational perspective. Key issues addressed include: teaching strategies and scopes of practice used in community health nursing in Taiwan between 1910 and the 1950s; the philosophical foundations for the concepts of ”health for all” and ”social justice” in Taiwan's community health nursing; the five ”P”s of community health nursing teaching and practice (population, prevention, promotion, policy, and partnership); the core competencies and scope of practice of community health nursing proposed by the TWNA Community Health Nursing Committee; and the core competencies and the tiers of classification proposed by the Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations. This article helps to elucidate the inseparable relationship between community health nursing education and practice at both the micro and macro level and examines possible future directions for community health nursing in Taiwan. The author proposes the following recommendations for future community health nursing education development in Taiwan: 1) implement competence classifications appropriate to each nursing education preparation level, 2) promote multidisciplinary cooperation among education, practice, and policy, and 3) promote collaboration and consensus among community health nursing and public health related associations.