孕期噁心嘔吐之症狀經驗評估與護理處置

Symptom Assessment and Management of Pregnancy-Related Nausea and Vomiting

孕期噁心嘔吐在懷孕早期有著高盛行率、沒有文化藩籬、整天都有可能發生的不適症狀，對懷孕婦女與胎兒有許多負面的影響；若未適時、合宜的評估及處置，可能威脅母嬰的健康，增加醫療的支出。本文彙整與剖析相關的資料，提出孕期噁心嘔吐之主觀及量化（例如噁心嘔吐及乾嘔量表）的症狀經驗評估與臨床處置雛型（例如輕、中度噁心嘔吐以非藥物處置為優先），提供臨床照護的具體參考，協助這些婦女順利渡過此不適時期，保有良好的生活品質及較好的懷孕生產結果。

Pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting are uncomfortable symptoms. These symptoms are consistent across cultures, may persist for extended periods of time during the early stage of pregnancy, and may adversely affect expectant mothers and their fetuses. Further, these symptoms may negatively impact mother and infant health and increase medical costs in the absence of effective diagnosis and symptom management. Relevant literature and research is integrated to propose subjective and objective approaches to assessing symptoms such as a index of nausea, vomiting and retching (INVR) and to develop a preliminary clinical management model that prioritizes using a non-pharmacological strategy to treat mild and moderate nausea and vomiting. Article recommendations provide a practical clinical care reference to help pregnant women successfully pass through this uncomfortable stage and achieve better quality-of-life and birth outcomes.