青少年嘲弄與霸凌概念模式

Conceptual Model of Teasing and Bullying in Adolescents

國際間青少年霸凌事件與日俱增，影響霸凌受害者的身心健康，各國政府皆重視此問題，並積極策劃校園反霸凌策略。嘲弄是人際互動的一種形式，與青少年霸凌問題相關，但兩者的概念仍然模糊。分析嘲弄與霸凌概念模式，可瞭解嘲弄與霸凌的演進，利於早期篩檢高危險霸凌者與受害者，以預防青少年霸凌事件。因此本文藉由文獻統整進行概念分析，定義嘲弄與霸凌的關係與相關因素。分析後發現嘲弄者意圖與接受者主觀感受與霸凌密切相關，時間與嚴重度促使嘲弄變為霸凌。肥胖是青少年常見被嘲弄霸凌的因素，藉以為例解釋此概念模式，彙整前置因素與後果指標之評量工具，經由體重控制的護理策略，期使能早期介入高危險個案防治，以強化校園反霸凌之成效。

Teasing and bullying incident levels have increased markedly in recent years according to international news reports. School and community-level action to stop and prevent bullying is a key focus of government education policy worldwide. Teasing is a usual facet of social interaction among youth and is related to bullying behavior. Although teasing and bullying are significant concerns, references for relevant concept analysis are lacking in the nursing field. To facilitate early screening to identify highrisk bullies and help victims effectively stop bullying events, concept analysis is needed to clarify and distinguish between the two concepts of teasing and bullying. The aim of this study is to integrate relevant published literature to determine the reasons for and relationships between teasing and bullying. We chose obesity as an example to construct a teasing and bullying conceptual model for adolescents and used this model to explore the related factors and health impacts of obesity. We found that both teaser intent and recipient perceptions correlated with bullying behavior. Duration and severity may induce teasing to become bullying. Because weight-based teasing is common among adolescents, we chose obesity as an example issue to demonstrate our adolescents teasing and bullying concept model. We then integrated the antecedent and consequential factors of teasing and bullying for obese adolescents. Weight-control strategies can stop school bullying if early interventions are performed in highrisk populations.