從東日本大地震探討災難護理的角色與經驗——核能發電廠事故

Disaster Nursing: One Nurse's Role and Experience During the Fukushima Power Plant Disaster Following the Great East Japan Earthquake

2011年3月11日於日本的東北地區，發生了芮氏規模9.0的超級強震，也引發了巨大的海嘯，嚴重破壞了福島第一核能發電廠，導致大量的輻射外洩而引發核災。許多當地居民被迫撤離，強制被安置到臨時避難所。福島縣境內的65歲以上長者人口數有505,760人，約佔縣內總人口比率的24.9%（福島，2011），是一個高齡化的地區，在災難發生現場，長者遷徙避難不易、更需要特別的照護。作者在福島第一核電廠的兩處避難所，進行災難救援，藉此親身的經驗，希望能提供護理人員對災難護理專業的認識，讓同樣處於地震帶的台灣參考。除了防患未然外，對於護理人員如何在災難中適時適所地發揮專業角色及功能，提供了思考的方向。藉由本文之經驗分享，亦能對亞洲地區災難護理教育之推展與國際合作提供未來的願景與藍圖。

The Richter-scale 9.0 earthquake that struck Northeast Japan on March 11th, 2011 caused a tsunami that damaged the Fukushima No. 1 Power Plant and released enormous amounts of radiation into the environment. Many area residents were evacuated to several protected fallout shelters. Prior to the tsunami, Fukashima had around 505,760 residents over 65 years of age, comprising 24.9% of the city's pre-tsunami population of Fukushima (City of Fukushima, 2011). The high proportion of elderly contributed to difficulties encountered in evacuating and caring for Fukushima citizens in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. The first author participated in disaster relief efforts in two fallout shelters in Fukushima. This article was written to share her post-disaster care experience and learned knowledge with medical care professionals in Taiwan and other high earthquake risk areas. The article also offers guidelines on appropriate medical personnel response and behavior with regard to disaster response. We hope this experience-sharing offers positive suggestions for the future and facilitates improved disaster-care education in East Asia and enhanced international cooperation on disaster rescue.