門診護理人員工作壓力與專業承諾的探討

A Study of Work Stress and Professional Commitment in Outpatient Department Nurses

背景：門診護理人員工作壓力呈現多元面向，其專業承諾的表現是否影響護理專業的持續發展值得探究。目的：探討門診護理人員個人屬性、工作壓力、與專業承諾的關係。方法：以Lazarus互動型態為基礎的壓力理論，設計本研究架構，研究工具採用護理人員工作壓力量表與專業承諾量表，資料收集以問卷方式、採立意取樣，共發出問卷180份，有效問卷共171份，回收率95%；以SPSS12.0 for windows套裝軟體進行描述性統計、相關分析與單因子變異數分析。結果：工作壓力與專業承諾呈現顯著負相關，不同教育程度的護理人員於工作壓力及專業承諾的表現皆無顯著差異；工作年資愈久、年齡愈大、進階職級愈高的護理人員比較能因應工作壓力的衝擊；工作年資愈久在專業承諾的表現也比較好。結論／實務應用：本研究發現到任5年內的門診護理人員工作壓力較大，在實務應用上如何降低門診護理人員的工作壓力，除了創造吸引留任的獎勵措施、合理的門診護理人力配置外，盡早規劃專業發展的方向應有助於其在專業領域的努力、留任與付出。

Background: Nurses working in outpatient departments face tremendous pressure from multiple sources. The effect of nurse professional commitment on continued professional development is an issue worth exploring further.Purpose: This study explored relationships among nurses’ personal attributes, work stress and professional commitment.Methods: The Lazarus cognitive appraisal model framed the research plan design. Tools used included stress level and professional commitment scales for healthcare professionals. Of 180 questionnaires sent to outpatient department nurses nurses, 171 (95%) were returned and used in analysis. SPSS 12.0 for windows software was used for statistical analysis.Results: We found a significant negative correlation between work stress and professional commitment and no significant relationship between level of education and either ability to handle work stress or professional commitment. Years of work experience, age and position all correlated positively with ability to handle work stress. Years of work experience correlated positively with professional commitment.Conclusions/Implications for practice: This study suggests that nurses experience the highest work stress levels during their first five years of work. Findings show that providing nurses a clear career development path, in addition to attractive incentives and a reasonable workload, is essential to reducing work stress, bolstering professional commitment and increasing retention.