遭逢莫拉克颱風之災民創傷一年後反應之經驗

Traumatic Response Experiences: One Year After Typhoon Morakot

背景：災難心理衛生的議題已成為近年來國際學者研究的興趣，莫拉克颱風（八八水災）重創南台灣，也造成災民在生理、心理及財務上的損傷。目的：了解莫拉克颱風災民創傷一年後反應的經驗及期間所採取的因應行為。方法：研究設計採現象學研究法，以立意取樣，共訪談十位災民，以半結構訪談指引，採深度訪談及錄音方式進行資料收集。資料分析以Colaizzi’s（1978）七個步驟分析資料。結果：呈現出災民創傷一年後生活經驗，共涵蓋三個主題，包括主題一：創傷後壓力反應的殘留，如恐懼水災來臨、反覆經歷水災經驗、一般反應冷淡、和生活處於警覺狀態；主題二：生活缺乏安全感，因遷村造成居住環境改變，擔心工作、擔心孩子而憂心忡忡，失去財物、失去工作而失落重重。這些災民的因應行為，及主題三：調適的方法，災民認為適時轉移對水災之注意力及尋求多元支持系統支援，並能轉向正面人生觀，最後選擇面對事實活在當下才能走出水災的夢魘。結論：本研究藉由莫拉克颱風災民創傷一年後反應之經驗及其因應行為分析，可提供臨床實務者更了解災民一年後的反應及調適方法，進一步提供災民更好的照護品質。

Background: Disaster-related mental health problems have been a focus of recent international scholarly interest. Typhoon Morakot caused exceptional destruction in Southern Taiwan, and victims suffered physically, psychologically and financially in its aftermath.Purpose: This study investigates the post-traumatic response and coping behaviors of victims one year after Typhoon Morakot.Methods: Researchers used a phenomenological method with purposive sampling and interviewed 10 Typhoon Morakot victims. Data were collected using deep, semi-structured interviews. All interview sessions were tape-recorded. Researchers used Colaizzi’s seven-step phenomenological method to analyze data.Results: Three common themes emerged in subjects following their disaster experiences. The first was residual traumatic response, including fear of continued flooding, fear of future flood recurrence, indifference in responses, and living on alert; The second was insecurity in daily life due to changed surroundings, including anxiety and a heavy sense of loss; The third was conformity in coping behaviors, including shifting attention away from the disaster, turning to a pluralistic support system, having an optimistic outlook on life, and living in the moment.Conclusion: Investigating traumatic response experiences and coping behaviors one year after the Typhoon Morakot disaster can help guide healthcare professionals to promote evidence-based health and nursing services. Findings also provide information to healthacare providers essential to improving nursing quality for victims of disasters.