儒家與康德之人性尊嚴於精神科護理：理論到實踐

Applying the Human Dignity Ideals of Confucianism and Kant to Psychiatric Nursing: From Theory to Practice

依據文獻與臨床上的觀察資料顯示：精神病人常因疾病與環境因素，多半具有低自尊、汙名化，此外，不當的對病人進行身體約束，對病人而言是一種傷害。在醫院中，照護病人第一線的工作人員是護理人員。而孟子與康德所提及之人性尊嚴，可為臨床護理工作者帶來一些省思。期使未來護理人員在照護病人時，考量病人是有人性尊嚴的，依孟子所言，生命的維持與死亡，都不是人類最為所欲與最為所惡的，不義之舉比死亡更令人厭惡，由此可知義的價值與意義比生命還高；依康德所說的人性尊嚴，護理人員在照護病人時，不把病人當工具，要把病人當目的。據此不僅能提高護理品質，彰顯人之為人之價值，更能把護理工作之價值與意義發揮至極致。

Literature articles and clinical observation suggest disease and environmental factors as primary causes of the low self-esteem and stigmatization that typify most psychiatric patients. These patients are at risk of injury when subjected to inappropriate physical restraint. Hospital staffs, including nurses, are in immediate and close contact with psychiatric patients. Mencius's and Kant's thoughts on human dignity can enhance reflections on clinical nursing practices. Mencius's belief that preserving life is not the most desirable thing and death is not the most hated thing can help nurses realize the human dignity of psychiatric patients by understanding that, as an unrighteous act is more detestable than death, the meaning and value of righteousness are greater than life itself. In light of Kant's views on human dignity, nurses should treat patients as goals rather than means. Exploring such ideas can raise nursing quality, restore a positive sense of humanity to psychiatric patients, and develop nursing values and meaning to a higher plane.