有效的授權

Effective Delegation

百分之九十七的中級主管，認為他們的工作負荷過重，而缺乏工作授權的技巧，可能是此問題產生的主要原因；若無有效的工作授權，將會使自己感到精疲力盡，充滿壓力及沮喪的感覺，而一個有效的工作授權，非但能改善主管工作品質，同時對於員工之成長及單位內部團結亦有助益，故有效工作授權實有其必要性。少數的人天生是工作授權的好手，但是經由學習及訓練，也可以創造出充滿自信及成熟的工作授權者。本文將針對工作授權之定義、目的及益處、影響工作授權成功之因素、提升工作授權成功率之技巧、策略及國內較少文章提到之跨文化的工作授權技巧，進一步提出對護理臨床、護理養成教育、護理管理及護理研究之啟示與建議，期待能夠提供護理管理者及同仁方向，以提升工作授權相關知識及技巧。

Ninety-seven percent of middle level managers feel they face work overload. The source of this problem may lie in a failure to delegate tasks effectively. If a manager does not effectively delegate, he/she is more likely to report fatigue, stress and depression. Conversely, effectively delegating tasks will improve overall job quality, professional growth in subordinates and cooperation within the team. While it is necessary for managers to delegate tasks effectively, few can be considered to be good natural 'delegators'. Learning and training is necessary for managers to develop the necessary confidence and maturity. This article describes the definitions, purpose and benefits of delegation; factors related to effective delegation; strategies related to successful delegation and skills related to performing crosscultural delegations. Such issues have seldom been addressed in previous articles. Moreover, nursing implications and suggested applications in nursing practice, education, management and research are mentioned. This article is intended to provide directions to nursing managers and subordinates to promote delegation knowledge and skills.