後現代主義與護理知識建構

Postmodernism and Nursing Knowledge Development

後現代主義是一種哲學與社會運動，此運動解放了人們所認知的知識生產框架，解構知識生產與權力間的關係、提倡論述的重要性以及多元真實的意義；其認識論的內涵，開啟了知識生產的新挑戰。自1980年代以來，後現代主義對西方護理知識的發展有深遠影響，其對護理的啟蒙是矯正過於重視生物醫學模式及對科技的關注，更為關注生活經驗的意義。在知識建構上，後現代主義的核心思想，啟發人們在選擇知識生產的方法論與方法上，有更多元的選擇空間，這對知識發展的意義極大。本文首先說明後現代主義形成的時代脈絡、從語言與主體的解構闡述後現代主義之哲學觀；說明後現代認識論的核心概念並整理後現代主義對西方護理知識建構的影響，最後反思當代台灣護理學者可循的立場。

Postmodernism is a philosophical and social movement which stresses that ideas are temporary, research data should be considered only in context, reality is transcendent, grand theories are invalid, problems are deconstructed, and findings should have practical value. Manifestations of the postmodern paradigm are reflected in the epistemological shifts of nursing science and knowledge development in the professional community of nurses in Western countries. This article explores the context within which this movement emerged, delineates how it has deconstructed ”language” and ”subject” to frame a new paradigm and outlines related implications on nursing knowledge development. Both challenges and opportunities face the nursing profession as it evolves into a postmodern paradigm.