專科護理師的養成與發展

The Nurturing and Development of Nurse Practitioners

由於醫師人力短缺，促成了專科護理師之發展，2007年5月，52位首批領有專科護理師證書的護理人員產生，國內專科護理師正式走向制度化，當務之急是釐清爭議性問題並建立明確的專科護理師職責說明，未來需強化專科護理師批判性思考及問題導向學習之能力，以直接觀察法、客觀結構式臨床測驗、迷你臨床演練、360度評估等方法訓練其臨床執行能力，並培養專科護理師研究、實證、教學之能力，發展進階制度，透過不斷地釐清、稽核、與監測，並將相關要點納入醫院評鑑項目，使專科護理師的角色功能更能發揮。

The role of nurse practitioner has been established because of a shortage of doctors. In May 2007, the first cohort of 582 nurse practitioners were licensed in Taiwan. The post of nurse practitioner in Taiwan is formally moving towards systematization and the most urgent matters in that regard are the sorting out of contentious issues and the establishment of clear job descriptions. Competence in critical thinking and problem-based learning is important and has to be improved with practice. The application of teaching assessment tools such as direct observation procedural skills (DOPS), objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), miniclinical evaluation exercises (Mini-CEX), and 360 degree assessments may contribute to the improvement of nurse practitioners' skills in conducting research, appraising evidence-based nursing literature, and developing teaching strategies and advanced systems by making policy clear, evaluating, auditing and monitoring the clinical competence of nurse practitioners, and incorporating essential findings into hospitals' evaluations of such staff, enabling them all the better to perform their role functions. Obviously, nursing accreditation is necessary in improving the intervention quality of nurse practitioner.