協助母親以母乳哺餵早產兒

Assisting Mother with Preterm Infant breastfeeding

早產兒腸胃消化吸收功能成熟度不足，導致早產兒有不易消化吸收的問題，然而早產兒母親的母乳易於消化與吸收的特色，正是早產兒最佳的營養攝取來源。可是早產兒母親在母乳哺餵的現實環境中，總是遭遇種種的困難，極需仰賴外界強力支持系統的支援，所以要增加母親對母乳哺餵的信心，堅持持續哺乳的信念，才能提升母乳哺餵的持續性與成功率。而其中護理人員在協助早產兒成功哺乳上更扮演著關鍵性的位置，自身需要清楚認識早產兒哺乳相關的知識與技能，才能順利協助早產兒母親成功哺乳。本文的目的是說明有關早產兒腸胃道消化特徵、母乳哺餵對早產兒的好處、影響早產兒母親母乳哺餵常見的因素、協助早產兒由管灌食到直接吸母乳及護理人員應該如何協助母親哺餵早產兒母乳等，期望護理人員對於早產兒母乳哺餵有更進一步的瞭解，提昇早產兒母乳哺餵方面護理的照護能力與品質，進而協助早產兒母親盡早開始母乳哺餵，並能持續哺餵。

It is necessary to gain nutrition for infants, especially premature. The digestive systems of premature infants are immature, so they find it hard to absorb nutrients. Mother's milk is easy for preterm infants to digest and absorb, so it is the best food for them. In reality, however, mothers always face many problems when breastfeeding preterm infants. They need support systems to establish their confidence in breastfeeding in order to improve their success rates and thus facilitate their continuation of the practice. Nurses can teach mothers how to breastfeed preterm infants. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to describe the characteristics of the gastrointestinal systems of premature babies, the benefits of breastfeeding for premature babies, the factors influencing premature breastfeeding, the transition from gavage to oral feeding and how to assist the mothers of premature babies with breastfeeding. It also provides information on premature breastfeeding to enable nurses to provide early assistance to mothers in nursing their premature infants and in maintaining the practice of breastfeeding.